The T-90S is the latest development in Russian tanks and has an increased firepower, mobility and protection. It is manufactured by Nizhnyi Tagil. The T-90 is generally based on the T-72BM and has some added features from the T-80 series. The T-90 features a new generation of armor on its hull and turret. The T-90S armament includes the 125 mm 2A46M smoothbore gun which is stabilised in two axes and fitted with a thermal sleeve. The gun tube can be replaced without any dismantling inside the turret. The gun can fire the common rounds like APDS (Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot), HEAT (High Explosive Anti-Tank), HE (High Explosive) as well as shrapnel rounds with time fuzes. The T-90S gun can also fire the 9M119 Refleks (NATO designation: AT-11 Sniper) anti-tank guided missile system. The effective range of this missile is 100 - 4,000 m and it takes 11.7 sec to reach its maximum range. The system is intended to engage tanks which are fitted with ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) as well as low-flying air targets such as helicopters. The missiles have a semi-automatic laser beamriding guidance and a hollow charge warhead. The gun's automatic loader will feed both ordnance and missiles to guarantee a high rate of gun fire. Also fitted is a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm air defence machine gun. The T-90 tank is protected by both conventional armour-plating and explosive reactive armour (ERA). The T-90 is also fitted with the Shtora-1 defensive aids suite. This computerised control system includes infrared jammer, a laser warning system with four laser warning receivers and a grenade discharging system which produces an aerosol. It is also fitted with NBC protection equipment. The T-90S has the automatic 1A4GT integrated fire control system (IFCS) which can be manually overridden by the commander. The gunner has a day fire control system and a thermal imaging sight for night operations with a target identification range of 1.2 km to 1.5 km. The T-90S has a liquid-cooled V-84MS 618 kW (840 hp) four-stroke V-12 piston engine. The tank can carry up to 1,600 litres of fuel in the main fuel tanks and the attached fuel drums. All fuel tanks are reinforced with armour plating. The tank is provided with a snorkel for deep fording and after a preparation time of 20 minutes, it can ford 5 metres of water.